When planning your research project, it's important to choose appropriate file formats for storing your data. Your choice may depend on:
- the software you plan to use
- the standards in your research field
- how others will access or reuse the data
How to choose the right file format
There are several factors to consider when choosing a file format.
Usability
- What your team has used before.
- How you’ll analyse or store the data.
- How easy it is to add metadata.
Compatibility
- If it works with your current and future software or hardware.
- Whether it’s a standard format in your field.
Longevity
- How easy it is to share the data.
- Whether the format might become obsolete.
- If you’ll still be able to open it in future.
File formats for long-term storage
If your discipline does not have a preferred format, consider using:
- XML, TXT, HTML or PDF/A (Archival PDF) for textual data
- CSV for spreadsheets and tabular data
- XML or CSV for databases
- TIFF, PNG or JPEG for images
- FLAC, WAV or MP3 for audio
Further guidance on choosing file formats
For more guidance on recommended formats for data sharing, reuse, and preservation, see: